Giovanni Borgia - murdered son of Pope
Killing still unsolved after 500 years despite plenty of suspects
Giovanni Borgia, the brother of Cesare and Lucrezia and son of Pope Alexander VI, was murdered on this day in 1497 in Rome. There was no shortage of possible suspects but the murder was never solved. The grief-stricken Pope launched an immediate murder inquiry, but mysteriously closed down the investigation after just one week, leading to speculation that the perpetrator could have been a member of Giovanni’s own family. The case has fascinated historians and writers for the last 500 years and been the subject of many books, including Mario Puzo’s historical novel, The Family, and it has featured in many films and televisions programmes. Giovanni was born in Rome in either 1474 or 1476 to the then Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia and his mistress, Vanozza dei Cattanei. He is thought to have been the eldest of the children fathered by Pope Alexander VI with his mistress, but this is disputed. Read more…
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Battle of Marengo
Napoleon works up an appetite driving out the Austrians
Napoleon was victorious in battle against the Austrians on this day in 1800 in an area near the village of Marengo, about five kilometres south of Alessandria in Piedmont. A chicken dish named after the battle, Pollo alla Marengo, keeps the event alive by continuing to appear on restaurant menus and in cookery books. It was an important victory for Napoleon, who effectively drove the Austrians out of Italy by forcing them to retreat. Initially French forces had been overpowered by the Austrians and had been pushed back a few miles. The Austrians thought they had won and retired to Alessandria. But the French received reinforcements and launched a surprise counter-attack, forcing the Austrians to retreat and subsequently to have to sign an armistice. This sealed a political victory for Napoleon and helped him secure his grip on power. Read more…
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Gianna Nannini – singer and songwriter
Performer’s interests inspired her ideas for songs
One of Italy’s best-known pop singers and composers, Gianna Nannini, was born on this day in 1954 in Siena in Tuscany. She has composed and recorded many hit songs and has sung duets with well-known artists, ranging from Andrea Bocelli to Sting. Her composition, Fotoromanzo, peaked at number one for four consecutive weeks in the Italian singles chart. It won musical awards and has since been covered by many other artists and has featured in the soundtrack of a film. Another of her songs, Bello e impossibile, was a hit both in Italy and across Europe. The daughter of a confectionery manufacturer, Nannini studied the piano in Lucca and then went to the University of Milan to read composition and philosophy. She made her first album, Gianna Nannini, which achieved wide success, in 1976, and she has since produced 30 albums of songs. Read more…
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Giacomo Leopardi – poet and philosopher
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The tragic life of a brilliant Italian writer
One of Italy’s greatest 19th century writers, Giacomo Leopardi, died on this day in 1837 in Naples. A brilliant scholar and philosopher, Leopardi led an unhappy life in Recanati in the Papal States, blighted by poor health, but he left as a legacy his superb lyric poetry. By the age of 16, Leopardi had independently mastered Greek, Latin and several modern languages and had translated many classical works. He had also written some poems, tragedies and scholarly commentaries. He had been born deformed and excessive study made his health worse. He became blind in one eye and developed a cerebrospinal condition that was to cause him problems for the rest of his life. He was forced to suspend his studies and, saddened by an apparent lack of concern from his parents, he poured out his feelings in poems such as the visionary work, Appressamento della morte - Approach of Death - written in 1816 in terza rima, in imitation of Petrarch and Dante. Read more…
Salvatore Quasimodo - Nobel Prize winner
Civil engineer wrote poetry in his spare time
Salvatore Quasimodo, who was one of six Italians to have won a Nobel Prize in Literature, died on this day in 1968 in Naples. The former civil engineer, who was working for the Italian government in Reggio Calabria when he published his first collection of poems and won the coveted and historic Nobel Prize in 1959, suffered a cerebral haemorrhage in Amalfi, in Campania, where he had gone to preside over a poetry prize. He was taken by car to Naples but died in hospital a few hours later, at the age of 66. He had suffered a heart attack previously during a visit to the Soviet Union. The committee of the Swedish Academy, who meet to decide each year’s Nobel laureates, cited Quasimodo’s “lyrical poetics, which with ardent classicism expresses the tragic experiences of the life of our times". The formative experiences that shaped his literary life began when he was a child. Read more…
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Antonio Sacchini - composer
Masterpiece widely acknowledged only after tragic death
The composer Antonio Sacchini, whose operas brought him fame in England and France in the second half of the 18th century and found favour with the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette, among others, was born on this day in 1730 in Florence. His 1785 work Oedipe à Colone, which fell into the opera seria genre as opposed to the more light-hearted opera buffa, in which he also specialised, has best stood the test of time among his works, although it did not achieve popularity until after his death after initially falling victim to the political climate in the French court. Sacchini came from humble stock. His father, Gaetano, was thought to be a cook, and it was through his work that the family moved to Naples when he was four, Gaetano having been employed by the future Bourbon King of Naples, Don Carlos, then the Duke of Parma and Piacenza. Read more…
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Francesco Morlacchi - composer
Umbrian popularised Italian opera in Dresden
The composer Francesco Morlacchi, who spent much of his career working for the Saxon court in Dresden and helped popularise Italian opera not only in Germany but further afield, was born on this day in 1784 in Perugia. Morlacchi composed more than 20 operas, the most successful of which is Tebaldo e Isolina, a romantic melodrama around a love affair between members of rival families, which had its premiere in Venice in 1822. A contemporary of Gioachino Rossini, Morlacchi had the opportunity in the same year to succeed Rossini as maestro di cappella of the royal theatres in Naples. However, he chose to remain in Dresden. Morlacchi was born into a family of musicians. His father, Alessandro, was a violinist at Perugia’s Cattedrale di San Lorenzo, where his maternal great-uncle, Giovanni Mazzetti, was the organist. He began composing at a young age. Read more…
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Book of the Day: The Borgias: Power and Fortune, by Paul Strathern
Paul Strathern was born in London, and studied philosophy at Trinity College, Dublin. One of his five novels, A Season in Abyssinia, won a Somerset Maugham Award in 1972. His other books about Italian history include The Medici: Power, Money and Ambition in the Italian Renaissance, The Florentines: From Dante to Galileo, Death in Florence: The Medici, Savonarola, and the Battle for the Soul of a Renaissance City, and The Spirit of Venice: From Marco Polo to Casanova.
(We strive to be factually accurate at all times. In the case of individuals still living, some of the information may need updating.)
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